Thymogen
Thymogen (Glu-Trp) is a Russian immune dipeptide. We check its claims against Russian studies and failed Western cancer trials.
Healing and immune
Crystagen
Crystagen (EDP) is sold for immune health and anti aging. We found almost no research: one short spleen study and no human trials.
Thymulin
Thymulin is a zinc dependent thymus hormone sold for hair growth and immunity. Every claimed benefit rests on lab or animal work, not human trials.
Pentadeca Arginate (PDA)
Pentadeca arginate (PDA) is sold for healing, gut and joints, but no study has tested it. Here is what is and is not known.
Larazotide
Larazotide is sold online for leaky gut. What celiac, MIS-C and long COVID trials found, and why its phase 3 trial was stopped.
Teduglutide
Teduglutide (Gattex) is an FDA approved GLP-2 drug for short bowel syndrome. What trials show, what is hype, and why it needs colonoscopies.
Thymosin Beta 4
Thymosin beta 4 is sold for healing, injuries, heart and hair. It is not TB-500. What wound and eye trials in people found.
LL-37
LL-37 is sold for healing, infections and immunity. What wound, foot ulcer and COVID-19 trials found, plus FDA’s safety concerns.
VIP
VIP (aviptadil) is promoted for lungs, inflammation and more. What COVID-19, sarcoidosis, lung pressure and other trials found.
Thymosin Alpha-1
Thymosin alpha 1 is sold as an immune booster. What trials in sepsis, hepatitis, cancer and COVID-19 found, and its FDA status.